The FLN launched coordinated attacks across Algeria, igniting an eight-year war of independence that would topple governments in Paris and reshape French colonialism.

The National Liberation Front launched coordinated attacks across Algeria, marking the start of an eight-year war against French colonial rule.

Following coordinated FLN attacks that began the day before, French authorities respond with mass arrests as the Algerian War of Independence begins in earnest.

Researchers using IBM's Naval Ordnance Research Calculator, then the world's fastest computer, pushed to compute pi to unprecedented digits.

Surgeons in Boston performed the first successful human organ transplant, giving Richard Herrick a kidney from his identical twin brother Ronald.