Acting on an anonymous tip, authorities searched the cellars beneath the Palace of Westminster and found Guy Fawkes alongside enough gunpowder to level the building. The plot, hatched by a group of Catholic conspirators led by Robert Catesby, aimed to assassinate the Protestant king and restore Catholic rule. Fawkes was tortured and executed; the failed conspiracy is still commemorated every year on Bonfire Night.

While Tecumseh was away recruiting allies, his brother Tenskwatawa led a preemptive dawn attack on Harrison's encamped militia near the Tippecanoe River. The Americans held their ground and burned the Shawnee settlement of Prophetstown, scattering the pan-tribal confederacy. The battle became a rallying cry for American expansionists and propelled Harrison, later nicknamed 'Old Tippecanoe,' toward the presidency.

After years of fruitless digging funded by Lord Carnarvon, Carter's team found a step cut into the bedrock of the Valley of the Kings. Clearing further revealed a sealed doorway bearing royal necropolis seals. The discovery, fully opened weeks later, proved to be the almost intact tomb of the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun, yielding a treasure trove that reshaped public fascination with ancient Egypt.

Breaking with the two-term tradition set by George Washington, Roosevelt won reelection with 449 electoral votes to Wendell Willkie's 82. Campaigning on experience and steady leadership as fascism spread across Europe, Roosevelt argued the nation needed continuity in dangerous times. His victory set the stage for the Twenty-Second Amendment, ratified after his death, which formally limited presidents to two terms.

Molniya-1 entered a highly elliptical orbit specifically designed to provide long dwell times over the Soviet Union's northern latitudes, solving a problem geostationary satellites couldn't address from the USSR's high-latitude geography. The satellite enabled telephone and television relay across Siberia and the Far East, and the distinctive 'Molniya orbit' it pioneered is still used by Russian communications satellites today.

Zond 6 was part of the Soviet Union's crash effort to send cosmonauts around the Moon before the United States, following a lunar trajectory and returning stunning photographs of the lunar surface and Earth. A cabin depressurization during the return and a parachute failure on landing destroyed the capsule, though its film canister survived, giving Soviet engineers false confidence about crewed lunar flight just before Apollo 8's success.

Following the November 4 storming of the US Embassy by Iranian students demanding the extradition of the exiled Shah, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini declared his support for the action, transforming a student protest into a state-sanctioned crisis. The endorsement doomed diplomatic efforts to quickly resolve the standoff and set in motion the 444-day hostage crisis that crippled Jimmy Carter's presidency and reshaped US-Iran relations for decades.

Kahane, the founder of the militant Jewish Defense League and Israel's ultranationalist Kach party, was shot dead moments after finishing a speech at the Marriott East Side Hotel in Manhattan. Egyptian-born gunman El Sayyid Nosair was tried but acquitted of murder, though he was later convicted on related weapons charges; investigators later linked him and his associates to the broader terrorist network responsible for the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.

MAVEN — Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution — lifted off atop an Atlas V rocket to investigate the thin Martian atmosphere and the solar wind's role in stripping it away over billions of years. After a ten-month cruise, it entered Mars orbit in September 2014, providing evidence that solar radiation had gradually eroded the planet's once-thicker atmosphere, helping explain how a once-wetter Mars became the arid world seen today.